February in the olive grove: between winter rest and preparation for the new campaign

Although in February the olive tree is still in vegetative rest, the signs of change are already evident. Temperatures begin to soften, the days progressively lengthen and sunlight gains intensity and verticality. These more favourable environmental conditions cause a slow but steady activation of the "metabolism" of the plant, which begins to prepare to come out of its winter lethargy. It is a key moment in which the olive grove, although apparently quiet, is internally arranged to face a new stage of growth.

Pruning management and return of organic matter to the soil

During this month, it is possible to continue with the pruning work, which is essential to maintain the productive structure of the tree. However, it is not only about cutting, but also about knowing how to take advantage of the remains generated. Instead of discarding or burning them, an increasingly widespread and sustainable practice is to crush them directly on the plot. The branches are arranged in one of the streets of the olive grove and, through the use of crushers coupled to the tractor, are reduced to small fragments that are returned to the land as a vegetation cover.

This technique not only allows waste to be properly managed, but also enriches the soil with organic matter. When incorporated into the soil, these remains improve the physical structure of the soil, increase its ability to retain water and favour microbiological activity, creating a more fertile and living environment for the development of future harvests.

Plant covers: allies of the ecosystem

Added to this is the vital function of vegetable covers sown in advance. These not only protect the soil against erosion and improve its biodiversity, but also act as carbon sinks. The plants that form these covers capture CO2 from the atmosphere and transform it into biomass, thus contributing to the climate balance and reinforcing the amount of organic matter available. Together with the crushed pruning remains, they form an excellent base for maintaining a healthy and sustainable agricultural ecosystem.

Importance of winter rain

The rains that fell in February have a "strategic" value. At this time of year, evapotranspiration is low due to cold temperatures and low plant activity, which favours better water infiltration in the soil profile and the recharge of aquifers. This water reserve will be essential when the olive tree is fully reactivated in spring, allowing vigourous and sustained growth.

Fertilised: energy for reactivation

February is also an opportune time to plan and apply the olive grove fertiliser. With moisture in the soil, nutrients are easier to reach the roots. It is essential to choose the right type of fertiliser according to the phenological moment. Slow release fertilisers must be applied before full reactivation of the plant, as they require a transformation time in the soil before being absorbed. For their part, fast absorption fertilisers are reserved for when the plant is already active, since they act almost immediately.

Getting ready for spring

Everything that is done in February is a direct investment in the future health of the olive grove. The combination of well-managed pruning, the return of organic matter to the soil, the establishment of plant covers, the contribution of natural water and a rational fertiliser form a set of essential actions to ensure a strong and balanced start in the next stage of growth. In this way, the olive tree will have at its disposal all the necessary resources to develop its potential and offer a high quality production, in harmony with the environment.